Europe, with its 53 countries and divided history, is a remarkable but inadequately exploited
natural laboratory for studies of the effects of health policy. In this paper, the first in a Series …

BACKGROUND Recent evidence from Eastern Europe of a positive association between
alcohol and cardiovascular disease has challenged the prevailing view that drinking is …

Bismarck, Beveridge, and Semashko—what do these names have in common? Each man
has given his name to a model that describes one of the predominant types of statutory …

There is a sharp divide in mortality between eastern and western Europe, which has largely
developed over the past three decades and is caused mainly by chronic diseases in …

Abstract Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) have experienced considerable instability in
mortality since the 1960s. Long periods of stagnating life expectancy were followed by rapid …

BACKGROUND After a long decline, life expectancy in Russia substantially increased in
2004-2010; this is the longest period of health improvement that has been observed in the …

The public health situation in Russia today is grave. Information on morbidity is fragmentary;
however, an enormous burden of ill health must underlie the very high mortality rates …

Present and immediately foreseeable medical knowledge suggest that HIV infection cannot
be avoided by vaccination and that an affordable cure for the resulting syndrome, AIDS, is a …

This paper reports on a study of the cross-national trends in health status during the
economic transition and associated health sector reforms in Central and Eastern Europe …

Background: Mortality rates are much more favourable In Western European countries than
in those of Eastern Europe. Health behaviour and psychosocial factors have been …