The dystonias are a group of disorders defined by sustained or intermittent muscle
contractions that result in involuntary posturing or repetitive movements. There are many …

The most common forms of dystonia are those that develop in adults and affect a relatively
isolated region of the body. Although these adult‐onset focal dystonias are most prevalent …

Recent advances in structural and functional imaging have greatly improved our ability to
assess normal functions of the basal ganglia, diagnose parkinsonian syndromes …

This review will consider the knowledge that neuroimaging studies have provided to the
understanding of the anatomy of dystonia. Major advances have occurred in the use of …

Dystonia is a movement disorder of both genetic and non-genetic causes, which typically
results in twisted posturing due to abnormal muscle contraction. Evidence from dystonia …

The dystonias are a heterogeneous group of hyperkinetic movement disorders
characterised by involuntary sustained muscle contractions that lead to abnormal postures …

Objective: Primary dystonia is usually of adult onset, can be familial, and frequently involves
the cervical musculature. Our goal was to identify the causal mutation in a family with adult …

Dystonia is a common movement disorder seen by neurologists in clinic. Genetic forms of
the disease are important to recognize clinically and also provide valuable information about …

Loss-of-function mutations in the α3 isoform of the Na+/K+ ATPase (sodium pump) are
responsible for rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism (DYT12). Recently, a pharmacological …

Dystonia is a brain disorder causing involuntary, often painful movements. Apart from a role
for dopamine deficiency in some forms, the cellular mechanisms underlying most dystonias …