Biofilms are organised heterogeneous assemblages of microbial cells that are encased
within a self-produced matrix. Current estimates suggest that up to 80% of bacterial and …

Klebsiella species cause a wide range of diseases including pneumonia, urinary tract
infections (UTIs), bloodstream infections and sepsis. These infections are particularly a …

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy.
Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered …

Amoebae are protists that have complicated relationships with bacteria, covering the whole
spectrum of symbiosis. Amoeba-bacterium interactions contribute to the study of predation …

Bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas are ubiquitous in nature. Pseudomonads display a
fascinating metabolic diversity, which correlates with their ability to colonize an extremely …

Soil protists are essential but often overlooked in soils, although they play crucial functional
roles in the terrestrial ecosystem. While soil protists have drawn increased attention to their …

Opportunistic infections by environmental fungi are a growing clinical problem, driven by an
increasing population of people with immunocompromising conditions. Spores of the …

Phagocytic cells capture and kill most invader microbes within the bactericidal phagosome,
but some pathogens subvert killing by damaging the compartment and escaping to the …

Free-living amoebae are protists frequently found in water and soils. They feed on other
microorganisms, mainly bacteria, and digest them through phagocytosis. It is accepted that …

The survival of all species requires appropriate behavioral responses to environmental
challenges. Learning is one of the key processes to acquire information about the …