Cytochrome bd is a respiratory quinol: O2 oxidoreductase found in many prokaryotes,
including a number of pathogens. The main bioenergetic function of the enzyme is the …

Gram-negative bacteria depend on their cell membranes for survival and environmental
adaptation. They contain two membranes, one of which is the outer membrane (OM), which …

Membrane proteins reside in lipid bilayers and are typically extracted from this environment
for study, which often compromises their integrity. In this work, we ejected intact assemblies …

The wealth of new data on membrane protein structures and functions is changing our
general view of membrane architecture. Some of the key themes that are emerging are that …

The use of alternative translation initiation sites enables production of more than one protein
from a single gene, thereby expanding the cellular proteome. Although several such …

The cell envelope of gram-negative bacteria consists of two membranes, the inner and the
outer membrane, that are separated by the periplasm. The outer membrane consists of …

Overexpression of membrane proteins is often essential for structural and functional studies,
but yields are frequently too low. An understanding of the physiological response to …

We have analyzed the distribution of mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing
system (MICOS) complex proteins and mitochondrial intermembrane space bridging …

In Gram-negative bacteria, the assembly of β-barrel outer-membrane proteins (OMPs)
requires the β-barrel–assembly machinery (BAM) complex. We determined the crystal …

The folding of transmembrane proteins into the outer membrane presents formidable
challenges to Gram-negative bacteria. These proteins must migrate from the cytoplasm …