The major facilitator superfamily (MFS) is one of the two largest families of membrane
transporters found on Earth. It is present ubiquitously in bacteria, archaea, and eukarya and …

Macromolecular crowding affects the activity of proteins and functional macromolecular
complexes in all cells, including bacteria. Crowding, together with physicochemical …

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) constitute a diverse group of Gram positive obligately fermentative
microorganisms which include both beneficial and pathogenic strains. LAB generally have …

Due to the acidic nature of the stomach, enteric organisms must withstand extreme acid
stress for colonization and pathogenesis. Escherichia coli contains several acid resistance …

Microbial communities drive biogeochemical cycles through networks of metabolite
exchange that are structured along energetic gradients. As energy yields become limiting …

Oxalic acid is the most ubiquitous and common low molecular weight organic acid produced
by living organisms. Oxalic acid is produced by fungi, bacteria, plants, and animals. The aim …

The theory of autotrophic origins of life posits that the first cells on Earth satisfied their carbon
needs from CO 2. At hydrothermal vents, spontaneous synthesis of methane via …

Oxalobacter formigenes, a unique anaerobic bacterium that relies solely on oxalate for
growth, is a key oxalate-degrading bacterium in the mammalian intestinal tract. Degradation …

Nephrolithiasis ranks third among urological diseases in terms of prevalence, making up
about 15% of cases. The continued increase in the incidence of nephrolithiasis is most …

Lactobacillus sp. strain E1 catalyzed the decarboxylation of glutamate (Glu), resulting in a
nearly stoichiometric release of the products gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) and CO2. This …