Raynaud phenomenon is a symptom complex caused by impaired digital perfusion and can
occur as a primary phenomenon or secondary to a wide range of underlying causes …

Digital ulcers (DUs) are a common visible manifestation of the progressive vascular disease
that characterizes the SSc disease process. DUs not only impact significantly on patients' …

Objective Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic autoimmune disease with high morbidity
and significant mortality. There is a great need of predictors that would allow risk …

Importance Digital ulcers in patients with systemic sclerosis are associated with pain and
poor quality of life. Endothelin-1 promotes vasculopathy in systemic sclerosis after …

Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is a well defined clinical syndrome characterized by recurrent
episodes of digital vasospasm triggered by exposure to physical/chemical or emotional …

Objectives Digital ulcers (DUs) occur in up to half of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc)
and may lead to infection, gangrene and amputation with functional disability and reduced …

Purpose There is a lack of a valid definition for skin ulcers in systemic sclerosis (SSc) to be
used in clinical trials. Our aim was to develop a consensus definition for SSc skin ulcers …

Background Skin ulcers (SU) are one of the most frequent manifestations of systemic
sclerosis (SSc). SSc-SU are very painful, often persistent and recurrent; they may lead to …

Objective We sought to develop the first Damage Index (DI) in systemic sclerosis (SSc).
Methods The conceptual definition of 'damage'in SSc was determined through consensus by …

Vascular disease is a hallmark of systemic sclerosis (SSc). It is present in every patient,
being responsible both for the earliest clinical manifestations and the major life-threatening …