Ticks and the pathogens they transmit constitute a growing burden for human and animal
health worldwide. Vector competence is a component of vectorial capacity and depends on …

To date, there is rapidly increasing evidence for host–microbe interaction at virtually all
levels of complexity, ranging from direct cell‐to‐cell communication to extensive systemic …

The human body is constantly exposed to microorganisms, which entails manifold
interactions between human cells and diverse commensal or pathogenic bacteria. The …

Over the last few years, we have seen an increasing interest and demand for pigs in
biomedical research. Domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) are closely related to humans …

Entomopathogenic fungi play a pivotal role in the regulation of insect populations in nature,
and representative species have been developed as promising environmentally friendly …

The broad range and diversity of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) function to induce an
antiviral state within the host, impeding viral pathogenesis. While successful respiratory …

Histone acetylation is a critical epigenetic modification that regulates plant immunity. Fungal
pathogens secrete effectors that modulate host immunity and facilitate infection, but whether …

Laboratory microcosm experiments using protists as model organisms have a long tradition
and are widely used to investigate general concepts in population biology, community …

Immune recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns or effectors leads to defense
activation at the pathogen challenged sites. This is followed by systemic defense activation …

Epigenetics can play a role in interactions between chemicals and exposed species,
between species and abiotic ecosystem components or between species of the same or …