Electronic e-waste (e-waste) is a growing problem worldwide. In 2019, total global
production reached 53.6 million tons, and is estimated to increase to 74.7 million tons by …

Critical raw materials (CRMs) are essential in the development of novel high-tech
applications. They are essential in sustainable materials and green technologies, including …

Waste will become the major resource in the future circular economy. In particular, E-waste
is a major sector growing at an annual rate of about 2 million tonnes (Mt) with rising users of …

Electronic waste (e-waste) accumulation on earth is a serious environmental challenge. The
need for heavy metal recovery, together with the profitability of precious and base metals …

The demand for rare earth elements (REEs) has significantly increased due to their
indispensable uses in integrated circuits of modern technology. However, due to the …

Electronic waste (e-waste) management is currently a priority, especially in economically
developing nations, because improper waste disposal leads to economic loss and negative …

Rare earth elements (REEs) are important high-tech materials with widespread industrial
applications and a high risk of supply disruption. Current physico-chemical methods for REE …

Since the discovery of microbiological metal dissolution, numerous biohydrometallurgical
approaches have been developed to use microbially assisted aqueous extractive metallurgy …

The rapid increase in the production of electrical and electronic equipment, along with
higher consumption of these products, has caused defective and obsolete equipment to …

Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) or electronic waste (e-waste) is one of
the fastest growing waste streams in the urban environment worldwide. The core component …