In order to promote an efficient humoral immune response, germinal center B cells modify
both the antigen recognition and effector domains by programmed genetic alterations of …

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is expressed in a B cell differentiation stage-
specific fashion and is essential for immunoglobulin (Ig) gene class switch DNA …

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) butyrate and propionate are metabolites from dietary fiber's
fermentation by gut microbiota that can affect differentiation or functions of T cells …

Memory B cells (MBCs) are long-lived and produce high-affinity, generally, class-switched
antibodies. Here, we use a multiparameter approach involving CD27 to segregate naïve B …

Class-switch DNA recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM), which require
activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), and plasma cell differentiation, which requires …

Epigenetic modifications, such as histone post-translational modifications, DNA methylation,
and alteration of gene expression by non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and …

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a prototypic autoimmune disease characterized by the
production of an array of pathogenic autoantibodies, including high-affinity anti-dsDNA IgG …

Epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications and
miRNAs, are induced in B cells by the same stimuli that drive the antibody response. They …

Crosslink repair depends on the Fanconi anemia pathway and translesion synthesis
polymerases that replicate over unhooked crosslinks. Translesion synthesis is regulated via …

In B cells, IgD is expressed together with IgM through alternative splicing of primary VH DJ
HC μ-sm-Cδ-sm RNAs, and also through IgD class switch DNA recombination (CSR) via …