The growing interest in causal inference in recent years has led to new causal inference
methodologies and their applications across disciplines and research domains. Yet, studies …

Ambitious environmental action demands policymakers' attention. Since 2014, when China
proclaimed a" war on pollution," government attention to environmental concerns has …

Air pollution from energy represents a global challenge. China, in particular, is facing a trade-
off between growing demands for energy and worsening energy-related air pollution …

Importance Although social determinants of health (SDOH) are important factors in health
inequities, they have not been explicitly associated with COVID-19 mortality rates across …

Causality is at the core of much contemporary discussion in social sciences, philosophy, and
computer science—from the establishment of basic definitions of causality to developing …

Agricultural non-point source (ANPS) pollution is a pressing environmental issue in
developing countries that poses a substantial threat to sustainable development. With the …

As the implementation carrier of innovative development, innovative city construction
provides a new impetus and direction for China's pollution reduction and carbon reduction …

China has established pilot Free Trade Zones (FTZs) to optimize the service industry
structure. However, limited research has been conducted on the impacts of pilot FTZs on …

With the aggravation of carbon emissions and global warming, the probability of various
natural disasters and environmental risks will increase significantly. Therefore, carbon …

Existing studies have investigated the environmental dividends of substituting high-speed
rail (HSR) for other energy-intensive vehicles from an engineering standpoint, but they have …