Systematic error, often referred to as bias is an inherent challenge in observational
cardiovascular research, and has the potential to profoundly influence the design, conduct …

The past decade has seen a substantial increase in the number of randomized controlled
trials (RCTs) conducted in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Randomized controlled trials …

Target trial emulation is an approach to designing rigorous nonexperimental studies by
“emulating” key features of a clinical trial. Most commonly used outside of policy contexts …

Purpose The value of adding fusion to decompression surgery for lumbar degenerative
spondylolisthesis and spinal canal stenosis remains debated. Therefore, the comparative …

Objective: While collaborative care is known to improve depressive and anxiety symptoms in
primary care, comparative effectiveness studies of virtual collaborative care versus virtual …

Purpose Real‐world evidence (RWE) is increasingly used for medical regulatory decisions,
yet concerns persist regarding its reproducibility and hence validity. This study addresses …

Taking the helm, Alwang and colleagues1 have performed a multicenter, retrospective
cohort and target trial emulation study (which seeks to emulate a randomized clinical trial …

Objectives Target trial emulation is an approach that is increasingly used to improve
transparency in observational studies and help mitigate biases. For studies declaring that …

Causal inference methods intended for use with observational data have been widely
available for decades, but barriers to their widespread adoption exist. These likely include …

Background Patients with kidney failure often lack robust evidence because they are
excluded from randomized trials. Trial emulation provides an alternative approach to derive …