There is growing recognition of the problem of male bias in neuroscience research,
including in the field of traumatic brain injury (TBI) where fewer women than men are …

Introduction. Human neurodegenerative diseases increase progressively with age and
present a high social and economic burden. Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth …

Sciatic nerve injury has been used for over a century to investigate the process of nerve
damage, to assess the absolute and relative capacity of the central and peripheral nervous …

Progesterone, estrogens, and testosterone are the well‐known steroidal sex hormones,
which have been reported to have “nonreproductive “effects in the brain, specifically in the …

Introduction Androgens have been shown to exert beneficial effects on vaginal physiology,
at least partially independent of their aromatization to estrogens. Androgen deficiency in the …

The possibility of a gender-related difference in recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI)
remains a controversial subject. Current empirical animal research lacks sizable test groups …

Introduction The biological importance of testosterone is generally accepted by the medical
community; however, controversy focuses on its relevance to sexual function and the sexual …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition that affects motor, sensory and autonomic
functions. Subsequent to the first mechanical trauma, secondary events, which include …

Aim Previous studies demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of testosterone, but no
previous study has examined the neuroprotective effects of testosterone on spinal cord …

Introduction Although clinical evidence supports an association between cardiovascular/
metabolic diseases (CVMD) and erectile dysfunction (ED), scientific evidence for this link is …