How mine tailings storage facilities (TSF) are managed reflects the history, regulatory
framework, and environment of a country and locale of the mine. Despite many attempts to …

In the next decades many of the old tailings storage facilities (TSFs) could be re-processed if
one considers the prices of metals, new uses of metals which today are not valuable, and …

In this paper we introduce an equity evaluation index (EEI) to measure the global equity on
asteroid mining, and present a global equity evaluation model by applying the analytic …

Abstract Rare Earth Elements play a critical role in current clean technologies but face
scarcity and environmental challenges in their extraction. Using semi-natural controlled …

The supply chain of rare earth metals plays a crucial role in producing thin-film solar
photovoltaics (PVs), which are vital for renewable energy generation. However, this supply …

Rare earth elements (REEs), comprising 17% of known elements, are pivotal in diverse
industries. Despite their name, they are not geologically rare but dispersed, posing …

Allanite is commonly encountered as an accessory rare-earth silicate mineral in association
with minerals such as garnet, biotite, and feldspar. It is distributed globally and occurs in …

Goaf restoration is an important part of urban space management. With mining of coal
resources, appearance of goaf and subsidence areas causes serious geological disasters …

Remining has been researched for decades, but its potential to supplement virgin extraction
is currently unknown. This review addresses the remining of tailings/waste rock, coal …

The use of rare earth elements (REE) in many various fields, including high-tech products,
increases the demand for these materials day by day. The production of REE from primary …