All modern mammals are descendants of the paraphyletic non-mammaliaform Synapsida,
colloquially referred to as the “mammal-like reptiles.” It has long been assumed that these …

Following our traditional concept of Mammalia, and thus including a number of forms known
only by fossils of the Mesozoic, the earliest mammals are from the Late Triassic, a bit over …

Mammals are the most encephalized vertebrates, with the largest brains relative to body
size. Placental mammals have particularly enlarged brains, with expanded neocortices for …

Evolution of the cochlea and high-frequency hearing (> 20 kHz; ultrasonic to humans) in
mammals has been a subject of research for many years. Recent advances in …

We propose a phylogeny of all major groups of Mesozoic mammals based on phylogenetic
analyses of 46 taxa and 275 osteological and dental characters, using parsimony methods …

Rhombomylus is a gliroid mammal endemic to several early Eocene localities of central and
eastern Asia. It is best represented by a collection of numerous jaws and teeth, dozens of …

Previously known only from isolated teeth and lower jaw fragments recovered from the
Cretaceous and Palaeogene of the Southern Hemisphere, the Gondwanatheria constitute …

Prozostrodon brasiliensis and Therioherpeton cargnini are non‐mammaliaform cynodonts
that lived~ 233 million years ago (late Carnian, Late Triassic) in western Gondwana. They …

Whereas the anatomy of birds, domesticated mammals, and humans is described by
standardized terminology, the anatomy of most fossil vertebrates is described by …

The coiled cochlea is a key evolutionary innovation of modern therian mammals. We report
that the Late Jurassic mammal Dryolestes, a relative to modern therians, has derived bony …