Background Investigating the causes and consequences of intraspecific trait variation (ITV)
in plants is not novel, as it has long been recognized that such variation shapes biotic and …

Simple Summary Due to the banning of many synthetic pesticides, current intensive farming
systems require us to develop new approaches to integrated pest management. Devastating …

This book explores the geography, ecology, and antiquity of'open ecosystems', which
include grasslands, savannas, and shrublands. They occur in climates that can support …

Until recently in Earth history, very large herbivores (mammoths, ground sloths, diprotodons,
and many others) occurred in most of the World's terrestrial ecosystems, but the majority …

For hundreds of millions of years, large vertebrates (megafauna) have inhabited most of the
ecosystems on our planet. During the late Quaternary, notably during the Late P leistocene …

We consider the role that key structural traits, such as spinescence, pubescence,
sclerophylly and raphides, play in protecting plants from herbivore attack. Despite the …

To understand modern principles of sustainable management and the conservation of
wildlife species requires intimate knowledge about demography, animal behavior, and …

Of the forty mammal species known to have vanished in the world in the last 200 years,
almost half have been Australian. Our continent has the worst record of mammal extinctions …

Large vertebrates are strong interactors in food webs, yet they were lost from most
ecosystems after the dispersal of modern humans from Africa and Eurasia. We call for …

The materials mechanics of the controlled separation of a body into two or more parts–
cutting–using a blade or tool or other mechanical implement is a ubiquitous process in most …