Abstract Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is a meta-heuristic algorithm that has been
successfully applied to various Combinatorial Optimization Problems (COPs). Traditionally …

The recent end-to-end neural solvers have shown promise for small-scale routing problems
but suffered from limited real-time scaling-up performance. This paper proposes GLOP …

The vehicle routing problem (VRP) and its variants have been intensively studied by the
operational research community. The existing surveys and the majority of the published …

On-demand delivery has become prevailing for people to order meals and groceries online,
especially during the pandemic. It is essential to dispatch massive orders to limited couriers …

The rapid development of mobile information technology has introduced numerous new
solutions for delivery companies to enhance profits. One such solution employed by some …

Trailer allocation and truck routing are critical components of truck transportation
management. However, in real‐world applications, inter‐influence between selecting the …

Cities are facing mounting pressure from the surging demand for package delivery and on-
demand ride services. Meanwhile, more drivers are empowered by platforms to provide …

The last-mile delivery problem refers to the final phase of the delivery process, the item's trip
between the last warehouse and the customer's house. Due to its substantial cost, it makes a …