The symbiosis between cnidarians (eg, corals or sea anemones) and intracellular
dinoflagellate algae of the genus Symbiodinium is of immense ecological importance. In …

The dual character of corals, that they are both auto‐and heterotrophs, was recognized early
in the twentieth Century. It is generally accepted that the symbiotic association between …

Coral reefs are highly diverse ecosystems that thrive in nutrient-poor waters, a phenomenon
frequently referred to as the Darwin paradox. The energy demand of coral animal hosts can …

In this review we discuss the present knowledge on the biological and environmental control
of biomineralization (calcification) in hermatypic corals. We describe first the anatomy of the …

Coral reefs represent the most spectacular and diverse marine ecosystem on the planet as
well as a critical source of income for millions of people. However, the combined effects of …

Octocorals are one of the most ubiquitous benthic organisms in marine ecosystems from the
shallow tropics to the Antarctic deep sea, providing habitat for numerous organisms as well …

The importance of Symbiodinium algal endosymbionts and a diverse suite of bacteria for
coral holobiont health and functioning are widely acknowledged. Yet, we know surprisingly …

Nitrogen pollution increases the susceptibility of corals to heat-induced bleaching. However,
different forms of nitrogen (nitrate vs. ammonium/urea) may have different impacts on …

Assimilation of inorganic nitrogen from nutrient-poor tropical seas is an essential challenge
for the endosymbiosis between reef-building corals and dinoflagellates. Despite the clear …

Colonies of the Caribbean coral Montastraea cavernosa (Linnaeus) that harbor
endosymbiotic cyanobacteria can fix nitrogen, whereas conspecifics without these …