Background Initial hypotheses regarding the role of the κ opioid system in drug addiction
suggested that κ receptor stimulation had anti-addictive effects. However, recent research …

The objective of this review is to identify a target or biomarker of altered neurochemical
sensitivity that is common to the many animal models of human psychoses associated with …

Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental illness that affects approximately 1% of the world's
population. Despite much research in its neurobiology to aid in developing new treatments …

Rationale The use and misuse of prescription opiates in adolescent populations, and in
particular, adolescent female populations, has increased dramatically in the past two …

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) represents a highly prevalent and impairing
psychiatric disorder. Functional and structural imaging studies implicate the involvement of …

The strength of goal-oriented behaviors is regulated by midbrain dopamine neurons.
Dysfunctions of dopaminergic circuits are observed in drug addiction and obsessive …

The role of dopamine (DA) in rewarding motivated actions is well established but its role in
learning how to avoid aversive events is still controversial. Here we tested the role of D2-like …

Drug addiction is a complex, persistent, and chronically relapsing neurological disorder
exacerbated by acute and chronic stress. It is well known that the dynorphin/kappa opioid …

Drug withdrawal is often conceptualized as an aversive state that motivates drug-seeking
and drug-taking behaviors in humans. Stress is more difficult to define, but is also frequently …

This study investigated whether the serotonin 5-HT 1A receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-
propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) can induce compulsive checking in a large open field, as …