Microwave, ultrasound, sunlight and mechanochemical mixing can be used to augment
conventional laboratory techniques. By applying these alternative means of activation, a …

7. Some illustrative examples 9207 7.1. Bimolecular reactions between neutral reactants
9207 7.1. 1. Nucleophilic additions to carbonyl compounds 9207 7.1. 1.1. Imine or enamine …

First described more than two decades ago, microwave-assisted organic synthesis has
matured from a laboratory curiosity to an established technique that today is heavily used in …

In the past decade, alternative benign organic methodologies have become an imperative
part of organic syntheses and chemical reactions. The various new and innovative …

The concept of nonthermal microwave effects has received considerable attention in recent
years and is the subject of intense debate in the scientific community. Nonthermal …

Direct and rapid heating by microwave irradiation in combination with sealed vessel
processing in many cases enables reactions to be carried out in a fraction of the time …

Microwave reactor methodologies are unique in their ability to be scaled-up without suffering
thermal gradient effects, providing a potentially industrially important improvement in …

Calcium phosphate-based biomaterials have been frequently used as bone substitutes and
osteoconductive scaffolds due to their chemical similarity to the inorganic phase of bone …

The lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (RML), formerly Mucor miehei, is a commercially
available enzyme in both soluble and immobilized forms with very high activity and good …

Controlled, multimode microwave irradiation has been employed in a generic solvent-free
process to prepare a wide range of ionic liquids based on nitrogen-containing heterocycles …