Since the discovery of eukaryotic small RNAs as the main effectors of RNA interference in
the late 1990s, diverse types of endogenous small RNAs have been characterized, most …

Phenylpropanoids are a large class of plant secondary metabolites derived from aromatic
amino acids phenylalanine in most plants or tyrosine in partial monocots. It mainly includes …

Recurrent heat stress and pathogen invasion seriously threaten crop production, and abiotic
stress often antagonizes biotic stress response against pathogens. However, the molecular …

RNA silencing is a homology-dependent gene inactivation mechanism that regulates a wide
range of biological processes including antiviral defense. To deal with host antiviral …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an extensive class of endogenous, small RNA molecules that sit
at the heart of regulating gene expression in multiple developmental and signalling …

RNA silencing (RNAi) has a well-established role in anti-viral immunity in plants. The
destructive eukaryotic pathogen Phytophthora encodes suppressors of RNAi (PSRs), which …

While the role of proteins in determining cell identity has been extensively studied, the
contribution of small noncoding RNA molecules such as miRNAs and siRNAs has been also …

Plants seem to take up exogenous RNA that was artificially designed to target specific
genes, followed by activation of the RNA interference (RNAi) machinery. It is, however, not …

Plant genomes are the source of large numbers of small RNAs, generated via a variety of
genetically separable pathways. Several of these pathways converge in the production of …

Heterosis, also known as hybrid vigour, is widespread in plants and animals, but the
molecular bases for this phenomenon remain elusive. Recent studies in hybrids and …