Cells release nanometer-scale, lipid bilayer-enclosed biomolecular packages (extracellular
vesicles; EVs) into their surrounding environment. EVs are hypothesized to be intercellular …

The development of effective combined anti-retroviral therapy (cART) led to a significant
reduction in the death rate associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), consisting of exosomes, micro-vesicles, and other vesicles,
mainly originate from the multi-vesicular body (MVB) pathway or plasma membrane. EVs are …

Neurodegeneration is a hallmark of many diseases and disorders of the central nervous
system (CNS). High levels of neuroinflammation are often associated with irreparable …

Objectives: Latent infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) hinders viral eradication
despite effective antiretroviral treatment (ART). Amongst proposed contributors to viral …

This review aims to highlight the role of long non-coding RNAs in mediating human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) viral replication, latency, disease susceptibility and …

Here, we have attempted to address the timing of EV and virion release from virally infected
cells. Uninfected (CEM), HIV-1-infected (J1. 1), and human T cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) …

Adenovirus (Ad) is a major causal agent of acute respiratory infections. However, they are a
powerful delivery system for gene therapy and vaccines. Some Ad serotypes antagonize the …

Background Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic infectious disease
characterized by consistent immune dysfunction. The objective of this study is to determine …

HIV-1 remains an incurable infection that is associated with substantial economic and
epidemiologic impacts. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are commonly …