Obstetric anesthesia has evolved over the course of its history to encompass comprehensive
aspects of maternal care, ranging from cesarean delivery anesthesia and labor analgesia to …

Background Pain during childbirth is arguably the most severe pain some women may
experience in their lifetime. Epidural analgesia is an effective form of pain relief during …

Importance Maternal labor epidural analgesia (LEA) and oxytocin use for labor and delivery
have been reported to be associated with child autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However …

Neuraxial analgesic techniques are the gold standards for pain relief during labour and
delivery. Despite the increased use and known benefits of neuraxial labour analgesia, there …

Women in labor who receive epidural analgesia are more likely to experience hyperthermia
and overt clinical fever. The gradual development of modest hyperthermia observed in …

Epidural analgesia is an important means of pain control during labor throughout the world.
Over its historic development, it has been implicated in several undesirable outcomes …

Objective The purpose of this guideline is to provide guidance for the intrapartum
management of spontaneous labour, whether normal or abnormal, in term, healthy women …

Epidural-related maternal fever affects 15% to 25% of patients who receive a labor epidural.
Two meta-analyses demonstrated that epidural-related maternal fever is a clinical …

Approximately 60% of women who labour in the USA receive some form of neuraxial
analgesia, but concerns have been raised regarding whether it negatively impacts the …

Management of the second stage of labor is commonly based on its length such that when
second stage exceeds a specific time threshold, women are often counseled and offered …