Rat orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is located in the dorsal bank of the rhinal sulcus, and is
divided into the medial orbital area, ventral orbital area, ventrolateral orbital area, lateral …

The ability to establish behaviorally what psychological capacity an animal is deploying—to
discern accurately what an animal is doing—is key to functional analyses of the brain. Our …

The output of cortical columns is routed to different downstream targets via distinct pathways:
cortico-cortical and cortico-subcortical. It is as yet unclear what roles these pathways play in …

Central nervous system neurons communicate via fast synaptic transmission mediated by
ligand-gated ion channel (LGIC) receptors and slower neuromodulation mediated by G …

Early life stress (ELS), in the form of childhood maltreatment, abuse, or neglect, increases
the risk for psychiatric sequelae later in life. The neurobiology of response to early stress …

Adaptive reward-related decision making requires accurate prospective consideration of the
specific outcome of each option and its current desirability. These mental simulations are …

The multiple-memory-systems framework—that distinct types of memory are supported by
distinct brain systems—has guided learning and memory research for decades. However …

The estimated values of choices, and therefore decision-making based on those values, are
influenced by both the chance that the chosen items or goods can be obtained (availability) …

Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) are an
increasingly popular approach for “remotely controlling” selected neuronal populations and …

The value of an anticipated rewarding event is a crucial component of the decision to
engage in its pursuit. But little is known of the networks responsible for encoding and …