In species with separate sexes, females and males often differ in their morphology,
physiology and behaviour. Such sex‐specific traits are functionally linked to variation in …

For sexual selection to act on a given sex, there must exist variation in the reproductive
success of that sex as a result of differential access to mates or fertilisations. The …

Synopsis “Sex” is often used to describe a suite of phenotypic and genotypic traits of an
organism related to reproduction. However, these traits—gamete type, chromosomal …

Sex is ubiquitous and variable throughout the animal kingdom. Historically, scientists have
used reductionist methodologies that rely on a priori sex categorizations, in which two …

Sexual selection is a field coloured by tension and contrasting views. One contested claim is
the causal link from the definition of the sexes (anisogamy) to divergent selection on the …

In 1948, Angus Bateman published a paper on fruit flies that tested Charles Darwin's ideas
of sexual selection. Based on this one fruit fly study, Bateman concluded that because males …

Identifying how dominance within and between the sexes is established is pivotal to
understanding sexual selection and sexual conflict. In many species, members of one sex …

The year 2021 marks the 150th anniversary of the publication of Charles Darwin's
extraordinary book The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex. Here, we review …

The evolution of male preferences and of female ornaments in species with traditional sex
roles (ie, polygyny) have been highlighted as areas in need of more active research by an …

Highlights•The idea of sex roles represents a stereotypical view of females and
males.•Researchers' perceptions of sex differences in nature are diverse.•Agreement with …