Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a central regulator of immunity. Due to its dominant pro-
inflammatory effects, drugs that neutralize TNF were developed and are clinically used to …

Paneth cells are versatile secretory cells located in the crypts of Lieberkühn of the small
intestine. In normal conditions, they function as the cornerstones of intestinal health by …

The first Food and Drug Administration-(FDA)-approved drugs were small, chemically-
manufactured and highly active molecules with possible off-target effects, followed by …

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) drives chronic inflammation and cell death in the intestine, and
blocking TNF is a therapeutic approach in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite this …

Paneth cells are professional secretory cells that, classically, play a role in the innate
immune system by secreting antimicrobial factors into the lumen to control enteric bacteria …

TNF mediates a variety of biological processes including cellular proliferation, inflammatory
responses, and cell death and is therefore associated with numerous pathologies including …

Reperfusion of the ischemic intestine often leads to drive distant organ injury, especially
injuries associated with hepatocellular dysfunction. The precise molecular mechanisms and …

The mucosal surfaces of the body are the most vulnerable points for infection because they
are lined by single or multiple layers of very active epithelial cells. The main protector of …

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used drugs for their anti-inflammatory and
immunosuppressant effects, but they are associated with multiple adverse effects. Despite …

Receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) has important kinase-dependent and kinase-
independent scaffolding functions that activate or prevent apoptosis or necroptosis in a cell …