This manuscript is the second part of a two-part description of the current status of
understanding of the network function of the brain in health and disease. We start with the …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies have shown that cortico-cortical paired
associative stimulation (ccPAS) can strengthen connectivity between the ventral premotor …

The movement occurring when a muscle exerts tension while lengthening is known as
eccentric muscle action. Literature contains limited evidence on how our brain controls …

Skillful goal-directed manual actions such as grasping and manipulating objects are
supported by a large sensorimotor network. Within this network, the ventral premotor cortex …

Previous neuroimaging studies have reported dual-task interference (DTi) and deterioration
of task performance in a cognitive-motor dual task (DT) compared to that in a single task …

In recent years, age-related changes in body composition in the elderly are attracting
attention. This is associated with a decline in physical functions and an increased risk of …

Comparisons between backward and forward translation (BT, FT) have long illuminated the
organization of bilingual memory, with neuroscientific evidence indicating that FT would …

Studies suggest that incorporating core academic subjects into physical education (PE)
stimulates the development of both motor and cognitive skills in primary school students. For …

An intrinsic characteristic of the motor system is the preference of one side of the body.
Lateralization is found in motor behavior and in the structural and functional correlates of …

Background The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is involved in early-phase
manual dexterity skill acquisition when cognitive control processes, such as integration and …