The type I interferon pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of
rheumatic diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome, myositis …

Type I interferons (IFN) can have dual and opposing roles in immunity, with effects that are
beneficial or detrimental to the individual depending on whether IFN pathway activation is …

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a key driver of several inflammatory diseases, such as
rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis, in which affected tissues …

The best known of the naturally occurring antimalarial compounds are quinine, extracted
from cinchona bark, and artemisinin (qinghao), extracted from Artemisia annua in China …

Background Type I interferons (IFN-I) contribute to a broad range of rheumatic and
musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). Compelling evidence suggests that the measurement of …

Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), such as spondyloarthritis (SpA), psoriasis,
Crohn's disease (CD), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remain challenging illnesses. They …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating autoimmune disease that causes chronic pain and
serious complications, presenting a significant challenge to treat. Promising approaches for …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and
bone erosion. The exact mechanism of RA is still unknown, but various immune cytokines …

Objectives To systematically review the literature for assay methods that aim to evaluate type
I interferon (IFN-I) pathway activation and to harmonise-related terminology. Methods Three …

A sustained increase in type I interferon (IFN-I) may accompany clinical manifestations and
disease activity in systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs). Despite the very frequent …