The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is composed of 18 secreted signaling proteins
consisting of canonical FGFs and endocrine FGFs that activate four receptor tyrosine …

Neural crest cells are a vertebrate-specific migratory, multipotent cell population that give
rise to a diverse array of cells and tissues during development. Cranial neural crest cells, in …

Craniofacial abnormalities often involve sutures, the growth centers of the skull. To
characterize the organization and processes governing their development, we profile the …

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent metabolic and reproductive disorder that
causes low fertility in females. Despite its detrimental effects on women's health, care for …

The Fgfr2c C342Y/+ Crouzon syndrome mouse model carries a cysteine to tyrosine
substitution at amino acid position 342 (Cys342Tyr; C342Y) in the fibroblast growth factor …

The mandibular and hyoid arches collectively make up the facial skeleton, also known as
the viscerocranium. Although all three germ layers come together to assemble the …

Background: Reconstruction of cranial bone defects is one of the most challenging problems
in reconstructive surgery, and several biological tissue engineering methods have been …

Abstract Skeletal Class III (SCIII) is among the most challenging craniofacial
dysmorphologies to treat. There is, however, a knowledge gap regarding which syndromes …

Manually collecting landmarks for quantifying complex morphological phenotypes can be
laborious and subject to intra and interobserver errors. However, most automated …

ITGB3, an osteoclast marker, is involved in osteoclast formation. Nevertheless, its related
mechanism remains poorly characterized. Herein, this study examines the mechanisms …