Drug addiction may be a goal-directed choice driven by excessive drug value in negative
affective states, a habit driven by strong stimulus− response associations, or a compulsion …

Midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons are proposed to signal reward prediction error (RPE), a
fundamental parameter in associative learning models. This RPE hypothesis provides a …

Reward-related cues are an important part of our daily life as they often influence and guide
our actions. This paper reviews one of the experimental paradigms used to study the effects …

Abstract Changes in food composition and availability have contributed to the dramatic
increase in obesity over the past 30–40 years in developed and, increasingly, in developing …

Mesolimbic dopamine (DA) is phasically released during appetitive behaviors, though there
is substantive disagreement about the specific purpose of these DA signals. For example …

The rodent dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), specifically the prelimbic cortex (PL),
regulates the expression of conditioned fear and behaviors interpreted as reward seeking …

In detoxified alcohol‐dependent patients, alcohol‐related stimuli can promote relapse.
However, to date, the mechanisms by which contextual stimuli promote relapse have not …

Addiction was suggested to emerge from the progressive dominance of habits over goal-
directed behaviors. However, it is generally assumed that habits do not persist in choice …

The view that anatomically distinct memory systems differentially contribute to the
development of drug addiction and relapse has received extensive support. The present …

Environmental reward‐predictive stimuli provide a major source of motivation for
instrumental reward‐seeking activity and this has been linked to dopamine signaling in the …