Glycosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification responsible for a multitude of
crucial biological roles. As obligate parasites, viruses exploit host-cell machinery to …

Influenza remains a persistent public health challenge, because the rapid evolution of
influenza viruses has led to marginal vaccine efficacy, antiviral resistance, and the annual …

Antigenic evolution of the influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) gene limits efforts to
effectively control the spread of the virus in the population. Efforts to understand the …

Antibody immunodominance refers to the preferential and asymmetric elicitation of
antibodies against specific epitopes on a complex protein antigen. Traditional vaccination …

The spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
mutated continuously and newly emerging variants escape from antibody-mediated …

The deterministic force of natural selection and stochastic influence of drift shape RNA virus
evolution. New deep-sequencing and microfluidics technologies allow us to quantify the …

While significant insights have been gained concerning COVID-19, superspreading of
coronaviruses remains a mystery. The vast majority of cases have been linked to a relatively …

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (Abs) that bind the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) stem
may enable universal influenza vaccination. Here, we show that anti-stem Abs sterically …

Low vaccine efficacy against seasonal influenza A virus (IAV) stems from the ability of the
virus to evade existing immunity while maintaining fitness. Although most potent neutralizing …

Favipiravir is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug that may be used to treat influenza. Previous
research has identified that favipiravir likely acts as a mutagen, but the precise mutation bias …