The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology
and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The …

There is nervous control of the heart by ATP as a cotransmitter in sympathetic,
parasympathetic, and sensory-motor nerves, as well as in intracardiac neurons. Centers in …

The importance of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system in cardiovascular physiology
and pathophysiology has been well described whereas the detailed molecular mechanisms …

After stroke, there is a rapid necrosis of all cells in the infarct, followed by a delayed loss of
neurons both in brain areas surrounding the infarct, known as 'selective neuronal loss', and …

Blood vessels are subjected to mechanical loads of pressure and flow, inducing smooth
muscle circumferential and endothelial shear stresses. The perception and response of …

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension are highly prevalent worldwide health problems
and frequently associated with severe clinical complications, such as diabetic …

After ligand stimulation, many G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) undergo β-arrestin–
dependent desensitization, during which they are internalized and either degraded or …

Objective—Myogenic tone (MT) of resistance arteries ensures autoregulation of blood flow
in organs and relies on the intrinsic property of smooth muscle to contract in response to …

G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are targets for around one third of currently approved
and clinical prescribed drugs and represent the largest and most structurally diverse family …

Purinergic G-protein-coupled receptors are ancient and the most abundant group of G-
protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The wide distribution of purinergic receptors in the …