Considerable progress has been made in recent years in the structural and molecular
biology of type IV secretion systems in Gram-negative bacteria. The latest advances have …

Bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are a functionally diverse translocation
superfamily. They consist mainly of two large subfamilies:(i) conjugation systems that …

Bacterial conjugation is the fundamental process of unidirectional transfer of DNAs, often
plasmid DNAs, from a donor cell to a recipient cell. It is the primary means by which …

Bacteria have evolved a remarkable array of sophisticated nanomachines to export various
virulence factors across the bacterial cell envelope. In recent years, considerable progress …

Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are versatile multiprotein nanomachines spanning the
entire cell envelope in Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. They play important …

Many Gram-negative bacteria use the sophisticated type II secretion system (T2SS) to
translocate a wide range of proteins from the periplasm across the outer membrane. The …

Bacterial conjugation is one of the main mechanisms for horizontal gene transfer. It
constitutes a key element in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes to …

Type IV secretion systems (T4SS) translocate DNA and protein substrates across prokaryotic
cell envelopes generally by a mechanism requiring direct contact with a target cell. Three …

Complex cellular events commonly depend on the activity of molecular “machines” that
efficiently couple enzymatic and regulatory functions within a multiprotein assembly. An …

The pathogenesis of Legionella pneumophila is derived from its growth within lung
macrophages after aerosols are inhaled from contaminated water sources. Interest in this …