Background Plastic responses of plants to the environment are ubiquitous. Phenotypic
plasticity occurs in many forms and at many biological scales, and its adaptive value …

Biological invasions are 'natural'experiments that can improve our understanding of
contemporary evolution. We evaluate evidence for population differentiation, natural …

In recent years, scientists have realized that evolution can occur on timescales much shorter
than the" long lapse of ages" emphasized by Darwin—in fact, evolutionary change is …

Background N fixation is one of the most important microbially driven ecosystem processes
on Earth, allowing N to enter the soil from the atmosphere, and regulating plant productivity …

Over the past decade, advances in both molecular developmental biology and evolutionary
ecology have made possible a new understanding of organisms as dynamic systems …

Studies of local adaptation provide important insights into the power of natural selection
relative to gene flow and other evolutionary forces. They are a paradigm for testing …

Adaptation to climate, evolving over contemporary time scales, could facilitate rapid range
expansion across environmental gradients. Here, we examine local adaptation along a …

Rapid climate change is likely to impose strong selection pressures on traits important for
fitness, and therefore, microevolution in response to climate‐mediated selection is …

Estimating the genetic basis of quantitative traits can be tricky for wild populations in natural
environments, as environmental variation frequently obscures the underlying evolutionary …

Extreme events can be a major driver of evolutionary change over geological and
contemporary timescales. Outstanding examples are evolutionary diversification following …