Microglia, the tissue macrophages of the brain, have under healthy conditions a resting
phenotype that is characterized by a ramified morphology. With their fine processes …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition affecting 270,000 people in the United
States. A potential treatment for decreasing the secondary inflammation, excitotoxic damage …

Summary Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 encephalitis has significant morbidity partly
because of an over-exuberant immune response characterized by leukocyte infiltration into …

Cytokines play an emerging role as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and
neurohormones in the brain. This paradigm shift in cytokine function offers a new framework …

Recent epidemiological studies show a noticeable correlation between chronic microbial
infections and neurological disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not …

Inflammation has been increasingly recognized to play an important role in the
pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Using immunocytochemistry and electron …

Experimental murine herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 brain infection stimulates microglial cell-
driven proinflammatory chemokine production which precedes the presence of brain …

Recent studies found that hepatitis C virus (HCV) may invade the central nervous system,
and both HCV and Parkinson's disease (PD) have in common the overexpression of …

The central nervous system (CNS) is vulnerable to several viral infections including herpes
viruses, arboviruses and HIV to name a few. While a rapid and effective immune response is …

Abstract In recent years, West Nile virus (WNV) has emerged as a major cause of
encephalitis in the United States. However, the neuropathogenesis of this flavivirus is poorly …