Rumination, defined as repetitive thinking about negative information, has been found to
lead to serious maladaptive consequences, including longer and more severe episodes of …

Retrieving a subset of items can cause the forgetting of other items, a phenomenon referred
to as retrieval-induced forgetting. According to some theorists, retrieval-induced forgetting is …

Interference provides an account of one of the most basic problems in the science of
memory: forgetting. Historically, theories of this process were shaped by models of …

People are often confronted with reminders of things they would prefer not to think about.
When this happens, they often attempt to put the unwanted memories out of awareness …

What does inhibition in psychology mean? Most psychologists have presupposed that its
meaning in psychology is practically the same as in physiology. They begin with illustrations …

Human Memory, 4th edition, provides a comprehensive overview of research and theory on
human memory. Written in an engaging style, the book is divided into three sections …

Classroom exams can assess students' knowledge of only a subset of the material taught in
a course. What are the implications of this approach for long-term retention? Three …

Bilingual speakers report experiencing stronger emotions when speaking and hearing their
first language compared to their second. Does this occur even when a second language is …

Retrieval practice can enhance long-term retention of the tested material (the testing effect),
but it can also impair later recall of the nontested material–a phenomenon known as …

Recalling a past experience often requires the suppression of related memories that
compete with the retrieval target, causing memory impairment known as retrieval-induced …