Synaptic abnormalities are a cardinal feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that are known to
arise as the disease progresses. A growing body of evidence suggests that pathological …

Estrogen receptors (ERs) regulate multiple complex physiological processes in humans.
Abnormal ER signaling may result in various disorders, including reproductive system …

AD is a neurodegenerative disease, and its frequency is often reported to be higher for
women than men: almost two-thirds of patients with AD are women. One prevailing view is …

The female sex hormone estrogen has been ascribed potent neuroprotective properties. It
signals by binding and activating estrogen receptors that, depending on receptor subtype …

Neurodegeneration leads to the loss of structural and functioning components of neurons
over time. Various studies have related neurodegeneration to a number of degenerative …

Estrogens and estrogen-like molecules can modify the biology of several cell types.
Estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) belong to the so-called classical family of …

Personalized medicine considering sex, gender, and cultural context has become the
vanguard of delivery of care. However, women's issues in Parkinson disease (PD) …

Introduction Despite a large preclinical literature demonstrating neuroprotective effects of
estrogen, use of menopausal hormone therapy (HT) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the primary cause of dementia and is characterized by the death
of brain cells due to the accumulation of insoluble amyloid plaques, hyperphosphorylation of …

The amyloid hypothesis has dominated Alzheimer's disease (AD) research for almost 30
years. This hypothesis hinges on the predominant clinical role of the amyloid beta (Aβ) …