Plants have developed a complex defense system against diverse pests and pathogens.
Once pathogens overcome mechanical barriers to infection, plant receptors initiate signaling …

Priming is an adaptive strategy that improves the defensive capacity of plants. This
phenomenon is marked by an enhanced activation of induced defense mechanisms. Stimuli …

Microplastic accumulation in agricultural soils can stress plants and affects quality of the
products. Current research on the effects of microplastics on plants is not consistent and the …

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) incurs significant yield losses from powdery mildew, a major
fungal disease caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt). enhanced disease resistance1 …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) modules play key roles in the transduction of
environmental and developmental signals through phosphorylation of downstream signaling …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are highly conserved signaling modules
downstream of receptors/sensors that transduce extracellular stimuli into intracellular …

As sessile organisms, plants have developed specific mechanisms that allow them to rapidly
perceive and respond to stresses in the environment. Among the evolutionarily conserved …

To confer resistance against pathogens and pests in plants, typically dominant resistance
genes are deployed. However, because resistance is based on recognition of a single …

For more than 200 years, the plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) has been studied for its
medicinal use in humans. However, its extensive signaling role in plants, particularly in …

Plants cannot move to escape environmental challenges. Biotic stresses result from a
battery of potential pathogens: fungi, bacteria, nematodes and insects intercept the …