The biological olfactory system is the sensory system responsible for the detection of the
chemical composition of the environment. Several attempts to mimic biological olfactory …

Several developments during the past 15 years have profoundly affected our understanding
of the vomeronasal system (VNS) of vertebrates. In the mid 1990s, the vomeronasal …

Motile cilia are miniature, whip-like organelles whose beating generates a directional fluid
flow. The flow generated by ciliated epithelia is a subject of great interest, as defective ciliary …

The olfactory system of many terrestrial vertebrates comprises a main olfactory organ and a
vomeronasal organ each containing a morphologically distinct type of olfactory receptor …

The olfactory epithelium of teleost fishes contains ciliated and microvillous olfactory receptor
neurons intermingled with supporting cells. Recently the crypt cell, a third type of olfactory …

Extant anuran amphibians originate from an evolutionary intersection eventually leading to
fully terrestrial tetrapods. In many ways, they have to deal with exposure to both terrestrial …

Comprehensive Overview of Advances in OlfactionThe common belief is that human smell
perception is much reduced compared with other mammals, so that whatever abilities are …

Marine amniotes, a polyphyletic group, provide an excellent opportunity for studying
convergent evolution. Their sense of smell tends to degenerate, but this process has not …

Chemical communication is important in aquatic environments, particularly where visual and
acoustical signals are limited. Both larval (tadpole) and adult anurans (frogs and toads) use …

Research over the last few years has demonstrated that the amygdaloid complex in
amniotes shares basic developmental, hodological and neurochemical features …