Gravel-bed roughness structures for an unworked bed and a water-worked bed are
analysed at different topographic scales measuring the bed surfaces by a 3D terrestrial laser …

There is no accepted standard equation for predicting flow resistance in gravel rivers. This is
mainly because of the lack of an effective approach for describing the roughness of the …

In fluvial geomorphology, one of the most pervasive paradigms is that the size of the grains
present in a river exercises an important effect on its character. In gravel-bed rivers, there is …

Imbrication of static armor surfaces is investigated based on laser-scanned DEMs collected
from both flume experiments and the field. Two approaches are employed to study the …

Sediment bed surfaces exist widely in natural rivers, and many aspects in river dynamics are
closely relevant to bed surface roughness, such as flow structure, river resistance and …

In a natural gravel-bed stream, the bed that has an organized roughness structure created
by the streamflow is called the water-worked gravel bed (WGB). Such a bed is entirely …

Static armored gravel surfaces composed of man-made and natural gravels have been
analyzed using precise digital elevation models. The scaling behavior and spatial …

Roughness of successively developed gravel surfaces in flume experiments is investigated
using laser scanned elevation fields. Scaling behavior of these surfaces is studied using …

Structure function analyses are increasingly used to investigate spatial correlation patterns
of river bed roughness. However, traditional structure function analyses remain mostly …

The assumption of the equilibrium state of gravel surfaces in flume experiments under
feeding or recirculating conditions is generally justified by three equilibrium criteria based on …