Starting from January 2008 Milan implemented a charging scheme to enter an 8km2 area of the city centre. The term used to denote the scheme is Ecopass, conveying the stated …
This paper reviews literature on the optimal design of pricing policies to reduce urban automobile congestion. The implications of a range of complicating factors are considered; …
Traffic congestion is a textbook example of an externality and therefore calls for some government intervention if efficiency is to be achieved. Simple as road pricing may sound, it …
Cities are increasingly recognized as significant producers and able managers of carbon emission. 1 They have become the predominant source of anthropogenic carbon dioxide …
Bimodal urban networks are complex systems operating within multiple constraints. This paper develops an integrated and systematic framework for the optimization of bimodal …
As affluence grows, it gets easier to travel faster and further. But research shows that, despite this, the average travel time in all societies remains steady at roughly an hour a day …
J Vieira, F Moura, JM Viegas - Transport Policy, 2007 - Elsevier
Despite the introduction of many instruments in the transport system, they failed to reach their target since gains in global environmental efficiency have not been enough to cope …
Abstract The London Congestion Charge (LCC) is a transport policy with a precise spatial footprint. As such, its impact on the transport system can be expected to vary over space …
The purpose of this study was to explore travellers' responsiveness to congestion pricing (cordon pricing) and parking attributes (especially parking pricing) in deciding whether to …