As biological science rapidly generates new knowledge and novel approaches to address
increasingly complex and integrative questions, biology educators face the challenge of …

Teleological modeling is fundamental to understanding and explaining many complex
systems, especially engineered systems. Research on engineering design and problem …

Many studies have characterized students' difficulties in understanding and reasoning about
scientific mechanisms. Some of those studies have drawn implications on teaching …

Artificial intelligence research on creative design has led to Structure-Behavior-Function
(SBF) models that emphasize functions as abstractions for organizing understanding of …

In this study, we compared students' learning from two conditions in a unit on inclined
planes: Virtual-then-Physical (VtP)(n= 50), where students conducted a virtual lab followed …

The acquisition of scientific knowledge is fraught with difficulties and challenges for the
learner. The very nature of some scientific domains contributes to the learning difficulties …

Orchestrating inquiry‐based science learning in the classroom is a complex undertaking. It
requires fitting the culture of the classroom with the teacher's teaching and inquiry practices …

Functional modeling is an analytical approach to design problems that is widely taught in
certain academic communities but not often used by practitioners. This approach can be …

Background: Science education reform emphasizes innovative and constructivist views of
science teaching and learning that promotes active learning environments, dynamic …

Immunology, a complex and rapidly evolving biological field, serves dual educational goals:
training healthcare professionals and immunologists as well as promoting immune literacy …