Reentrant feature widely exists in natural structures ranging from mushroom, overhang,
undercut, trapezoid, sphere, spatula and taper to sharp edge, and has triggered a …

The remarkable mechanical properties of natural contact surfaces have inspired a great deal
of interest and research in recent years. The underlying driver of this interest is the surprising …

Functional integration is an inherent characteristic for multiscale structures of biological
materials. In this contribution, we first investigate the liquid–solid adhesive forces between …

Organismal functions are size-dependent whenever body surfaces supply body volumes.
Larger organisms can develop strongly folded internal surfaces for enhanced diffusion, but …

Stimuli-responsive temporary adhesives constitute a rapidly developing class of materials
defined by the modulation of adhesion upon exposure to an external stimulus or stimuli …

The remarkable ability of geckos to climb and run rapidly on walls and ceilings has recently
received considerable interest from many researchers. Significant progress has been made …

While it is generally accepted that van der Waals (vdW) forces govern gecko adhesion,
several studies indicate contributions from non-vdW forces and highlight the importance of …

Although we now have thousands of studies focused on the nano-, micro-, and whole-
animal mechanics of gecko adhesion on clean, dry substrates, we know relatively little about …

The gecko exhibits remarkably swift and reliable climbing ability on most surfaces in nature.
Numerous studies have been conducted to determine the underlying mechanisms of gecko …

Current understanding of the adhesion system of geckos is the culmination of efforts by
investigators throughout the biological and applied sciences. Continuing research in this …