Animal and human data from various viral infections and vaccine studies suggest that
nonneutralizing antibodies (nNAb) without neutralizing activity in vitro may play an important …

Cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) can provide a barrier that precludes HIV and other sexually
transmitted virions from reaching target cells in the vaginal epithelium, thereby preventing or …

During uncoating, the conical capsid of HIV disassembles by dissociation of the p24 capsid
protein (CA). Uncoating is known to be required for HIV replication, but the mechanism is …

Women of reproductive age with a Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal microbiota have a
reduced risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV and a vaginal pH of~ 4 due to the presence …

Vaccine-elicited humoral immune responses comprise an array of antibody forms and
specificities, with only a fraction contributing to protective host immunity. Elucidation of …

Studies in animal models are essential prerequisites for clinical trials of candidate HIV
vaccines. Small animals, such as rabbits, are used to evaluate promising strategies prior to …

The majority of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission events occur in
women when semen harboring infectious virus is deposited onto the mucosal barriers of the …

The humoral response to invading mucosal pathogens comprises multiple antibody isotypes
derived from systemic and mucosal compartments. To understand the contribution of each …

Mucosal epithelial cell surface galactosylceramide (Galcer) has been postulated to be a
receptor for HIV-1 envelope (Env) interactions with mucosal epithelial cells. Disruption of the …

Although nonhuman primate studies have shown that simian immunodeficiency virus/simian-
human immunodeficiency virus (SIV/SHIV) exposure during preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) …