SOX9 is a pivotal transcription factor in chondrocytes, a lineage essential in skeletogenesis.
Its mandatory role in transactivating many cartilage-specific genes is well established …

A milestone in the evolutionary emergence of vertebrates was the invention of cartilage, a
tissue that has key roles in modeling, protecting and complementing the bony skeleton …

Cranial neural crest cells are an evolutionary innovation of vertebrates for craniofacial
development and function, yet the mechanisms that govern the cell fate decisions of …

The cranial neural crest generates a huge diversity of derivatives, including the bulk of
connective and skeletal tissues of the vertebrate head. How neural crest cells acquire such …

Human skeletal stem cells (SSCs) have been discovered in fetal and adult long bones.
However, the spatiotemporal ontogeny of human embryonic SSCs during early …

During human evolution, the knee adapted to the biomechanical demands of bipedalism by
altering chondrocyte developmental programs. This adaptive process was likely not without …

A hallmark of aged mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) in bone marrow is the pivot
of differentiation potency from osteoblast to adipocyte coupled with a decrease in self …

Human limbs emerge during the fourth post-conception week as mesenchymal buds, which
develop into fully formed limbs over the subsequent months. This process is orchestrated by …

FOXP transcription factors are an evolutionarily ancient protein subfamily coordinating the
development of several organ systems in the vertebrate body. Association of their genes …

Background Neurodevelopment is orchestrated by a wide range of genes, and the genetic
causes of neurodevelopmental disorders are thus heterogeneous. We applied whole exome …