Current land administration systems mainly use 2D plans to define and secure ownership
rights associated with properties in high‐rise buildings. These 2D plans may not effectively …

Currently, 2D-based analogue building subdivision plans are used to represent the spatial
extent of private, public and communal property ownership rights. These plans are …

As the number of high-density buildings has increased, the management of property with
complex condominium ownership has become an ongoing challenge in property registration …

With the growth of high-density living, disputes experienced by residents in multi-owned
buildings (MOBs) have become an ongoing challenge in urban areas. A significant number …

Population growth and lack of available land in urban areas have resulted in intensive
property development both above and below ground. According to the 'Cadastre 2034 …

A significant number of studies has been carried out to establish 3D cadastre solutions to
improve the registration of multi-level property. Since the inception of research on 3D …

Over the last 15 years or so, a number of political, economic, environmental and social
factors as well as the rapid technological innovation have profoundly changed the outlook …

An emerging technology, three-dimensional (3D) cadastres as extensions to the current
parcel-based or two-dimensional (2D) cadastre, has been developed to meet the …

Over recent years, unprecedented urbanization has fostered the rapid development of multi-
storey buildings and infrastructure facilities, resulting in spatial and functional complexities in …

This research focuses on the multiple stratification of real property, in the form of overlapping
real property rights and Public Law Restrictions (PLRs), the legal instruments that are used …