Radiotherapy (RT) aims to deliver a spatially conformal dose of radiation to tumours while
maximizing the dose sparing to healthy tissues. However, the internal patient anatomy is …

Background and purpose Many 4D particle therapy research concepts have been recently
translated into clinics, however, remaining substantial differences depend on the indication …

Background and purpose Motion‐induced uncertainties hamper the clinical implementation
of pencil beam scanning proton therapy (PBS‐PT). Prospective pretreatment evaluations …

Background and purpose Organ motion compromises accurate particle therapy delivery.
This study reports on the practice patterns for real-time intrafractional motion-management in …

Objective. 4D dose calculation (4DDC) for pencil beam scanned (PBS) proton therapy is
typically based on phase-sorting of individual pencil beams onto phases of a single …

Objective. In pencil beam scanning proton therapy, individually calculated and positioned
proton pencil beams, also referred to as' spots', are used to achieve a highly conformal dose …

Purpose The unpredictable interplay between dynamic proton therapy delivery and target
motion in the thorax can lead to severe dose distortions. A fraction‐wise four‐dimensional …

Objective. 4D dose reconstruction in proton therapy with pencil beam scanning (PBS)
typically relies on a single pre-treatment 4DCT (p4DCT). However, breathing motion during …

Purpose Respiratory motion is one of the major challenges in radiotherapy. In this work, a
comprehensive and clinically plausible set of 4D numerical phantoms, together with their …

Background and purpose Retrospective log file-based analysis provides the actual dose
delivered based on the patient's breathing and the daily beam-delivery dynamics. To predict …