Research on regional and global lightning activity and the global electrical circuit is
summarized. This area of activity has greatly expanded through observations of lightning by …

This review covers developments in ELF and VLF radio-wave propagation research over the
last 50 years of the Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. A review of such a …

Lightning is located by using the time of group arrival (TOGA) of the VLF (3–30 kHz)
radiation from a lightning stroke. The dispersed waveform (“sferic”) of the lightning impulse is …

This book on electromagnetic resonance phenomena describes a general approach to
physical problems, ways to solve them, and properties of the solutions obtained. Attention is …

An experimental Very Low Frequency (VLF) World-Wide Lightning Location Network
(WWLLN) has been developed through collaborations with research institutions across the …

The ionosphere plays a role in radio propagation that varies strongly with frequency. At
extremely low frequency (ELF: 3-3000 Hz) and very low frequency (VLF: 3-30 kHz), the …

This review is concerned with electrification and lightning in severe weather. Based on
substantial evidence that the electrical processes active in ordinary (nonsevere) …

Transient luminous events in the atmosphere, such as lighting-induced sprites,,,,,,, and
upwardly discharging blue jets,,,,,, were discovered recently in the region between …

Research work on the global electrical circuit (GEC) is reviewed, with an emphasis on the
period since the last International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity (ICAE) in Beijing …

Extremely low frequency (ELF) and very low frequency (VLF) observations have formed the
cornerstone of measurement and interpretation of effects of lightning discharges on the …