The analogy of mitochondria as powerhouses has expired. Mitochondria are living, dynamic,
maternally inherited, energy-transforming, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles that …

Social determinants of health (SDoH), which encompass the economic, social,
environmental, and psychosocial factors that influence health, play a significant role in the …

Health is usually defined as the absence of pathology. Here, we endeavor to define health
as a compendium of organizational and dynamic features that maintain physiology. The …

The activation of stress-related neuroendocrine systems helps to maintain homeostasis, but
excessive stress can damage body functions. We review current evidence from basic …

Humans survive and thrive through social exchange. Yet, social dependency also comes at
a cost. Perceived social isolation, or loneliness, affects physical and mental health, cognitive …

Background Social connections are crucial for our health and well‐being. This is especially
true during times of high uncertainty and distress, such as during the COVID‐19 lockdown …

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide pandemic in 2020. In response, most …

Chronic psychosocial stress increases disease risk and mortality, but the underlying
mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here we outline an energy-based model for the …

Within animal populations there is variation among individuals in their tendency to be social,
where more sociable individuals associate more with other individuals. Consistent inter …

Childhood maltreatment is associated with significant, enduring risk of psychiatric disorder.
In this paper, we review how neurocognitive alterations after maltreatment might indirectly …