Mammalian fertilization is a fascinating process that leads to the formation of a new
individual. Eggs and sperm are complex cells that must meet at the appropriate time and …

BACKGROUND The complexity of fertilization failure during assisted reproductive
technologies (ART) is often under-appreciated, as this failure can occur at any number of …

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Is JUNO protein present at the surface membrane of human
oocytes and involved in the fertilisation process? SUMMARY ANSWER JUNO protein is …

Abstract Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is known as a transactivator for VEGF gene
promoter. It can be induced by hypoxia. However, no study has been done so far to dissect …

Objective Oocyte-sperm interaction is the essential step in fertilization. Juno, which has been
known as Folate receptor 4, is the Izumo1 receptor expressed on the oocyte membrane. This …

Our previous studies indicated that p16 suppresses breast cancer angiogenesis and
metastasis, and downregulates VEGF gene expression by neutralizing the transactivation of …

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of vitrification of bovine metaphase‐II (MII)
oocytes on CD9 expression and fertilization capacity. Surviving vitrified/warmed oocytes …

Tetraspanin CD9 is the only protein of the oocyte membrane (oolemma) known to be
required for the fusion of gametes during fertilization in the mouse. Using electron …

Fertilization proteins JUNO and CD9 play vital roles in sperm‐egg fusion, but little is known
about their expression patterns during in vitro maturation (IVM) and their function during in …

Contents CD9 is a glycoprotein of the transmembrane 4 superfamily (TM4SF) and is
involved in various cellular processes. Some CD9 cDNA have been cloned in mammals and …