Cancer development and its response to therapy are regulated by inflammation, which
either promotes or suppresses tumor progression, potentially displaying opposing effects on …

Cytokines are critical in regulating immune responses and cellular behavior, playing dual
roles in both normal physiology and the pathology of diseases such as cancer. These …

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an incurable primary malignant brain cancer hallmarked with a
substantial protumorigenic immune component. Knowledge of the GBM immune …

Immunotherapy is a clinically validated treatment for many cancers to boost the immune
system against tumor growth and dissemination. Several strategies are used to harness …

Chemokines are a family of small, secreted cytokines which regulate a variety of cell
functions. The CXC motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) binds to CXC chemokine receptor …

Chemokines are small secreted proteins that orchestrate migration and positioning of
immune cells within the tissues. Chemokines are essential for the function of the immune …

Chemokines are a large family of small chemotactic cytokines that coordinates immune cell
trafficking. In cancer, they have a pivotal role in the migration pattern of immune cells into the …

Metastatic breast cancers (mBCs) are largely resistant to immune checkpoint blockade, but
the mechanisms remain unclear. Primary breast cancers are characterized by a dense …

T-lymphocytes play a critical role in cancer immunity as evidenced by their presence in
resected tumor samples derived from long-surviving patients, and impressive clinical …

Increasing evidence indicates that the tumor microenvironment has critical roles in all
aspects of cancer biology, including growth, angiogenesis, metastasis and progression …